INDIAN WELLS, CALIF.—Over-the-air TV is on its way to resembling a more robust version of the Internet with the realization of ATSC 3.0, the so-called “next-generation” transmission standard being developed by the Advanced Television Systems Committee.

“It’s not just a transmission standard, but a suite of technologies,” said Dave Siegler, vice president of technical operations for Cox Media and board member of the ATSC. He and other key contributors in the development of 3.0 provided an update on what stage the standard is in and further details on what can be done with it, at the HPA Technology Retreat in Indian Wells on Monday.

ATSC Technology Group 3 is the overarching section of the membership developing 3.0. Five specialist groups within TG3 are working on each of the five system layers of 3.0, and each has made preliminary decisions about what technologies to approve, according to Jerry Whitaker, ATSC vice president for standards development. All are subject to approval of the full TG3 and the voting membership, he said.

Technology for the physical layer of ATSC 3.0—essentially the signal form—was elevated to Candidate Standard status Sept. 29, 2015, allowing for the creation of prototype equipment and testing. It will remain a Candidate Standard until the end of March, when it will be fine-tuned, then put up to vote.

TESTING
The most recent tests of this physical layer CS were carried out in Las Vegas during the Consumer Electronics Show. Those tests yielded high-dynamic range, over-the-air 4KTV signals picked up by prototype equipment that included contributions from Samsung and LG. Such consumer electronics makers are considered crucial to the successful adoption of 3.0 because it is not backward-compatible. In other words, it will not work with any television set in the market today, noted Madeleine Noland, consultant to the LG Standard Technology and Development Team, and Convergence R&D Lab.

“Every TV set in the U.S. can interpret an ATSC 1.0 signal,” she said. “That’s not expected to be the case with 3.0.”

The Federal Communications Commission required consumer electronics makers to build over-the-air reception into TVs with the adoption of ATSC 1.0. The same may not hold for 3.0. The commission has yet to weigh in, but is said to generally welcome the development of 3.0 because it is more spectrally efficient than 1.0. The commission is not, however, expected to mandate the type of sweeping change that led up to the national digital transition to ATSC 1.0 in June of 2009.

ATSC 3.0 SET-TOPS
In the absence of such mandates and tuner requirements, ATSC 3.0 developers envision a market-by-market transition, further complicating adoption. Noland said that perhaps instead of 3.0-capable TVs, the transition will begin with peripherals.

“We may have a gateway device or a set-top box attached to an antenna and a Wi-Fi network, for example,” she said.

She also said the Consumer Technology Association—formerly the Consumer Electronics Association—“is looking at ATSC 3.0 as it’s developing and looking at the type of receiver profiles to introduce into the market… There is excellent cross-communication between CTA and ATSC.”

ATSC 3.0 TVs will need to display advanced capabilities, including supplemental and personalized content, hybrid (broadcast-broadband) delivery synchronization, alternate audio and video track selection, interactive applications, watermark detection, advanced emergency alert features, advanced accessibility and companion device support.

Whitaker noted that ATSC needs to be a “whole” technology.

“We can’t make consumers adopt it,” he said. “It needs to be a ‘pull’ technology.”

Creating a new TV experience is at the heart of generating that pull, he said. The two chief characteristics of TV—audio and video—would be the foundation of that experience, and would be boosted by 3.0 to next-level engineering, including high dynamic range video and immersive audio.

ATSC 3.0 VIDEO
Alan Stein, vice president of  Technology, Corporate Development and the Technology Office for Technicolor, described 3.0 video requirements.

It will use HEVC Main 10 profile compression, said to yield a 35 to 50 percent performance gain over AVC/H.264, which has roughly twice the efficiency of the compression technology used in ATSC 1.0. The high-efficiency 10-bit compression codec is necessary to support high-dynamic range, which makes a brighter picture.

HDR is said to be more immediately detectable to the human eye than higher-than-HD resolutions such as 4K, but 4K and HDR are both benchmarks for ATSC 3.0. So is mobile HD reception, high-frame rate capabilities, more color and simultaneous broadcast-broadband transmission capabilities.

This type of hybrid transmission would be enabled in part by the use of a scalable high-efficiency video codec, or SHVC. SHVC provides for two spatial layers, with a base layer optimized for mobile reception, and an enhancement layer optimized for UHD (almost 4K) resolution. The mobile capabilities of the base layer technology have been tested successfully on an Amtrak train going 120 miles per hour between Baltimore and Washington, D.C. Reception was achieved up to 30 miles from the transmitter, Stein said.

The HDR technology for the A/341 ATSC Video Candidate Standard is expected to be selected and specced by July 31, 2016, Stein said.

ATSC 3.0 AUDIO
Jim Starzynski, director and principal audio engineer for NBCUniversal, said ATSC S34-2, the ad hoc group working on audio, is “drafting candidate standard now.”

That standard will lay out the framework for new audio and language features. Starzynski said he likes to stay away from the term “immersive” for audio, “because it implies enhanced surround sound, and this is more.”

ATSC 3.0 audio will be able to do more things with languages, video descriptive services and loudness, for example, he said. It can also enable “dialog enhancement” for those actors with a mouthful of tissue.

Certainly, immersive surround sound will be part of the mix, capable of playback on speaker arrays, soundbars and even headphones.

In terms of efficiency, Starzynski said that in ATSC 1.0, audio uses 576 Kbps for a main audio soundtrack, stereo or 5.1, and a complete main AL or VDS mono. ATSC 3.0 can support up to four complete audio channels at 384 Kbps, for about 50 percent more bitrate efficiency.

In terms of audio synchronization, Starzynski said timing is always an issue, but that “the choices made by crew putting together content will take care of some of the timing issues. We can’t determine what will happen on every receiver, but have pretty much been able to achieve synchronization.”

There have also been discussions about “robust audio,” i.e., audio that continues in the absence of a picture—the way the old NTSC analog TV system worked.

“In ATSC 1.0, when you lose the signal, you lose the signal,” he said. “With analog; not so. We felt like audio should be preserved if video is lost. We’ll be able to be fairly robust with the audio, without having to go through any great compromise of the bits allocated to video.”

Every individual broadcaster would determine the robustness of their audio channels, he said.

ATSC 3.0 audio also would support accessibility features such as video descriptive services for the blind, as well as something Chris Homer of PBS referred to as “dialog intelligibility” for the hard of hearing. Homer, vice president of Operations & Engineering at PBS and chair of the ATSC accessibility group said its first working draft will cover closed captioning. (See “ATSC 3.0 Expands Closed Caption Offerings,” Aug. 20, 2015.)

ATSC 3.0 CONTENT ECOSYSTEM
Steve Bartkowicz, vice president of studio post engineering at NBCUniversal, described a 3.0-capable audio post workflow that could support up to 108 audio “objects,” or the discrete sounds that create immersive audio. Each object would have metadata attached he said. Different renders could be pulled out of the immersive audio track, e.g., a dialog-only render. A studio upgrade would run from $150,000 to $200,000, he said. Production itself presents a challenge in that current “post-production budgets don’t allow for extra stage time for immersive content,” he said. “Immersive content must be mixed natively with downmix capabilities due to time constraints.”

Josh Limor, senior director of technology development at Technicolor, spoke to the full production workflow for ATSC 3.0. He emphasized the pace of advanced TV adoption. Of 34.8 million TVs shipped last year, just 4 million were 4KTVs, he said. By the end of this year, 4 percent of TVs shipped will be HDR-capable, with penetration rising to 32 percent by 2019.

“Content has to pay attention to this… in feeding this ecosystem,” he said.

In recorded production, achieving HDR essentially involves using an HDR-capable monitor, and coloring and processing accordingly. For live events, however, standard-dynamic range cameras would have to be replaced with HDR cameras, plus colorists would have to be grading them. Limor said it also would be necessary to have SDR/HDR duplicate distribution, which isn’t logical. He said one alternative possibility might be single-stream distribution, with just a portion of the camera complement switched from SDR to HDR.

INTERACTIVITY
Pete Van Peenen of Pearl covered some of the interactive features possible with ATSC 3.0, like coupon texting, social media integration and an L-bar display with live links similar to the Internet. One application might be a “Player Watch” type pop-up with athlete stats. Another is companion-screen capability, e.g., a travel show with an interactive map.

Bhanu Srikanth, founder and CEO of Jargon Media, described a multiscreen app that could be downloaded to a tablet or a smartphone, and that shares information on actors in a scene, or lets a viewer buy accessories worn by characters.

She said the technology also enables targeted advertising as well as director commentary in a two-way communication, for example. The second screen can pause the first screen while director is explaining something, she said.

Jargon also has done games across multiple screens, and created technology that can print clips or frames from a Blu-ray to a home printer.

Easing app development for ATSC 3.0 is a goal of its creators, because “so many devices function there,” said Skip Pizzi, senior director of New Media Technologies for the National Association of Broadcasters, and chair of TG3.

Pizzi said the use of Web-compatible technology opens ATSC 3.0 to “a huge group of developers,” and that most broadcasters already have teams working on the Web in HTML.

LG’s Noland said, “We want to align with the Web as much as possible. Ideally, app authors will be able to adapt Web apps for TV, and vice versa, easily.”

Work on ATSC 3.0 has been on a fast track to coincide with the FCC’s TV spectrum incentive auction, set to commence March 29, 2016. The goal is to have the standard ready in time for the post-auction channel repack. ATSC President Mark Richer told TV Technology in October that it is targeted for completion in the first quarter of 2017. (See, “ATSC 3.0: Mark Richer Details Phys Layer CS,” Oct. 7, 2015)

For more TV Technology coverage of ATSC 3.0, see:

January 4, 2016
“Part I: April SBE Ennes Workshop to Focus on ATSC 3.0”
The relationship between broadcasting and technology is a deep one that defines us as broadcast engineers.

January 12, 2016
“Part II: ATSC 3.0 Brings Flexibility of IP to Broadcast”
The hardest part of the ATSC 3.0 proposed broadcast standard to get one’s head around is probably the IP transport piece.

January 28, 2016
“PART III: Where Does ATSC 3.0 Fit in a Multichannel Universe?”
Two stakeholders that might not be so excited about ATSC 3.0 include the radio access network (RAN) carriers (the providers of wireless data services) and multichannel video programming distributors.

January 13, 2016
“James O’Neal Reports on ATSC 3.0 Tests At CES 2016”
ONE Media, Pearl TV, Samsung, TeamCast and Sinclair Broadcast Group teamed up to transmit 4K video from a mountain-top low-power transmitter 13 miles from the Las Vegas Convention Center, and displayed on the show floor and in a demo suite in the Wynn Hotel.

January 13, 2016
“Doug Lung on ATSC 3.0, Two-Way ENG and New Mic RFs”
I thought it would be a good time to take a look at new technology trends. Three areas that attracted my attention are ATSC 3.0 (no surprise), two-way ENG and new technology for wireless microphones.

Janaury 6, 2016
“KHMP-LD Delivers Live HDR 4KTV in ATSC 3.0 at CES”
The broadcast, from Las Vegas station KHMP-LD’s transmitter on Nevada’s Black Mountain, is delivering clear 4K HDR content, received for the first time on LG’s new ATSC 3.0-enabled receivers at the Las Vegas Convention Center.

January 5, 2016
“TeamCast Delivers ATSC 3.0 Digital TV Exciter to KBS”
The exTra3.0 is a real-time, standalone terrestrial exciter that supports ATSC 3.0, which is designed to transmit 4K/UHD content.

December 23, 2015
“The ATSC 3.0 Physical Layer—Bootstrap Basics”
Doug Lung parses the 3.0 physical layer.

December 23, 2015
“Q&A: Technicolor’s Alan Stein on Las Vegas ATSC 3.0 Tests”
Technicolor contributed content and prototype reception technology to the simulations, which took place last month in Las Vegas with Sinclair Broadcast Group and ONE Media.

December 15, 2015
“ATSC 3.0 Audio: A Big Bet?”
The debate centers on the two remaining candidates under consideration for the audio codec, AC-4, proposed by Dolby Laboratories, and MPEG-H, supported by the MPEG Audio Alliance.

December 3, 2015
“Sinclair Demos HDR 4KTV Over ATSC 3.0 in Vegas”
Sinclair Broadcast Group, along with subsidiary One Media and Technicolor, report they have successfully transmitted high-dynamic range 4KTV over the air using the proposed ATSC 3.0 standard and a prototype reception device.

November 17, 2015
“ATSC 3.0 DTV Standard Gets Far East ‘Test Drive’”
The engineers were convened “to confirm a common understanding of the ATSC 3.0 specifications A/321, A/322 and other relevant standards, and/or working drafts.”

October 7, 2015
ATSC 3.0: Mark Richer Details Phys Layer CS
The ATSC achieved a significant milestone last week with the elevation of the ATSC 3.0 Physical Layer to Candidate Standard status. TV Technology asked ATSC President Mark Richer to provide more details on the technology and the process…

September 29, 2015
“Samsung, LG, Contributed Technology to ATSC 3.0 Candidate Standard”
Both Korean electronics giants have been integral in developing the U.S. broadcast standard.

September 21, 2015
“ATSC 3.0 Tested With 4K, Mobile in Korea by LG, SBS”
Korean broadcaster SBS partnered with LG Electronics for the country’s first live over-the-air broadcast of 4K Ultra HD signals using technologies behind the ATSC 3.0 TV broadcast standard.

September 2, 2015
“Voting on ATSC 3.0 Physical Layer Standard Begins“
Ballots were sent out on Aug. 31 and over the next four weeks members of the TG3 Technology Group will vote on whether to approve or not approve the Physical Layer to Candidate Standard status.

July 13, 2015
“Inside the Cleveland Futurecast ATSC 3.0 Transmission Tests”
And with an experimental high-power ATSC 3.0 transmitter available for test broadcasts at any time during the day, the GatesAir/LG/Zenith Futurecast proposal shows some interesting data from recent tests in Cleveland.

June 17, 2015
“Samsung, Pearl and Sinclair Gear Up for ATSC 3.0 Dry Runs”
Samsung, Pearl TV and Sinclair Broadcast Group are collaborating on how to deploy the next-generation broadcast standard and what to do with it. The three have agreed to a Memo of Understanding “collaboratively to support the development and the implementation” of ATSC 3.0.

May 15, 2015
“Samsung and ONE Media Drive ATSC 3.0 Candidate Standard“
Samsung and ONE Media proposed a hierarchical framework comprised of the ‘bootstrap,’ preamble and data framing to meet broadcasters unique requirements.

May 7, 2015
“ATSC 3.0 Bootstrap Signal Becomes Candidate Standard“
The first of five components in the Physical Layer transmission standard for ATSC 3.0 has been elevated to “Candidate Standard” status.

April 9, 2015
“Technicolor and Sinclair Demo HDR UHD Live Over-the-Air Broadcast”
Technicolor and Sinclair Broadcast Group have announced a successful demonstration of UltraHD with high dynamic range live broadcast based on proposed ATSC 3.0 technologies.

February 12, 2015
HPA 2015: ATSC 3.0 Prototypes Expected in 2016
Prototype ATSC 3.0 receivers may appear as early as next year, according to Skip Pizzi of the National Association of Broadcasters.
“The target is to get a candidate standard out later this year. Prototypes might start showing up in 2016.”

January 5, 2015
CES 2015: Samsung, Comark and TeamCast Demo Live ATSC 3.0
Samsung, Comark and TeamCast will demonstrate a terrestrial broadcast of “full ATSC 3.0 technology” at CES 2015. The demonstration will show a live transmission of MPEG‐H HEVC ultra HD video and MPEG‐H 3D audio content.

October 22, 2014
“Futurecast Demo Shows Simultaneous 4K, HD and Mobile Reception”
Quincy Group’s WKOW-TV conducted a second round of field testing with the Futurecast terrestrial broadcasting system developed by Zenith, LG and GatesAir.

October 8, 2014
“Sinclair and Technicolor Do ATSC 3.0 4K Over-the-Air Broadcast”
Sinclair Broadcast Group and Technicolor said they successfully deploying Technicolor’s ATSC 3.0 4K UltraHD testbed platform and receiving an over-the-air signal. The Technicolor platform, based on open audio, video and transport standards including Scalable HEVC (SHVC), MPEG-H audio and MPEG-MMT transport, has been integrated into Sinclair’s experimental OFDM transmission system in Baltimore, Md.

August 27, 2013
“TV Tomorrow: ATSC 3.0 Advances”
The ATSC announced that 10 proposals have been submitted for the foundation of 3.0 known as the “physical layer.” This physical layer includes the modulation scheme, which defines how the signal information is carried by a radio frequency—in this case, the TV channel.

March 28, 2013
“ATSC Seeks Next-Gen TV Physical Layer Proposals”
It appears some of the requirements could be a bit of a stretch, but that may not be such a bad idea, considering that ATSC 3.0 will be replacing a terrestrial DTV standard that’s survived for 15 years.

March 27, 2013
“ATSC Seeks Proposals for ATSC 3.0 Physical Layer”
Glenn Reitmeier, ATSC chairman, noted that, “the ATSC 3.0 effort is a crucial time for broadcasters, professional equipment manufacturers, consumer device manufacturers and all stakeholders to collaborate and create the future capabilities of over-the-air broadcasting.”

February 22, 2013
“HPA 2013: ATSC 3.0 Update”
The current standard was developed 20 years ago and implemented around 15 years ago. The Internet was on baby legs, processor speeds were measured in megahertz, storage in megabytes, and networks in kilobytes.

January 22, 2013
“New ATSC Implementation Teams to Focus on Commercialization of ATSC 2.0 and M-EAS”
The Advanced Television Systems Committee has formed new Implementation Teams for two new emerging standards — ATSC 2.0 and the Mobile Emergency Alert System.

February 15, 2012,
“HPA Tech Retreat: The State of ATSC 2.0”
ATSC 2.0 will provide a variety of interactive capabilities to broadcasters not now available.

September 6, 2011
“New ATSC 3.0 Technology Group Formed To Anticipate TV of the Future
ATSC 3.0 is anticipated to be a series of voluntary technical standards and recommended practices for the next digital terrestrial television broadcast system.